Differences between CMIP6 and CMIP5 Models in Simulating Climate over China and the East Asian Monsoon     

Dabang JIANG  Dan HU  Zhiping TIAN  Xianmei LANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(10):1102-1118

We compare the ability of coupled global climate models from the phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5 and CMIP6, respectively) in simulating the temperature and precipitation climatology and interannual variability over China for the period 1961–2005 and the climatological East Asian monsoon for the period1979–2005. All 92 models are able to simulate the geographical distribution of the above variables reasonably well.Compared with earlier CMIP5 models, current CMIP6 models have nationally weaker cold biases, a similar nationwide overestimation of precipitation and a weaker underestimation of the southeast–northwest precipitation gradient, a comparable overestimation of the spatial variability of the interannual variability, and a similar underestimation of the strength of winter monsoon over northern Asia. Pairwise comparison indicates that models have improved from CMIP5 to CMIP6 for climatological temperature and precipitation and winter monsoon but display little improvement for the interannual temperature and precipitation variability and summer monsoon. The ability of models relates to their horizontal resolutions in certain aspects. Both the multi-model arithmetic mean and median display similar skills and outperform most of the individual models in all considered aspects.  相似文献   

地理国情普查工作报表的特性与作用研究     

李军  梁安宝  宗鑫 《东北测绘》2014,(6):35-36

地理国情普查工作报表是地理国情普查项目管理的基本措施和途径,本文对地理国情普查工作报表的特性和作用进行了论述,以期对从事地理国情普查的生产单位和管理单位起到指导作用。  相似文献   

2001年1月26日高纬磁层顶通量管事件的观测研究   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

黄宗英  濮祖荫  肖池阶  宗秋刚  傅绥燕  谢伦  史全岐  曹晋滨  刘振兴  沈超  史建魁  路立  王迺权  陈涛  T Fritz  K-H Glassmeier  P Daly  H Rème 《地球物理学报》2004,47(2):181-189

2001年1月26日11:10～11:40UT, ClusterⅡ卫星簇位于午后高纬磁鞘边界层和磁鞘区,此 时行星际磁场Bz为南向. 本文对在此期间观测到的多次磁通量管事件作了详细的研究 ,获得一系列的新发现：（1）高纬磁鞘边界层磁通量管的出现具有准周期性,周期约为78s ,比目前已知的磁层顶向阳面FTE的平均周期（8～11min）小得多. （2）这些通量管都具有 强的核心磁场;其主轴多数在磁场最小变化方向,少数在中间变化方向,有些无法用PAA判 定其方向（需要用电流管PAA确定）,这与卫星穿越通量管的相对路径有关. （3）每个事件 都存在很好的HT参考系,在HT参考系中这些通量管是准定常态结构;所有通量管都沿磁层顶 表面运动,速度方向大体相同,都来自晨侧下方. 通量管的径向尺度为1～2RE, 与通 常的FTE通量管相当. （4）起源于磁层的强能离子大体上沿着管轴方向由磁层向磁鞘运动; 起源于太阳风的热等离子体沿管轴向磁层传输. 通量管为太阳风等离子体向磁层输运和磁层 粒子向行星际空间逃逸提供了通道. （5）每个通量管事件都伴随有晨昏电场的反转,该电 场为对流电场.  相似文献   

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王志平  陶庭叶  高飞 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(4):161-164

??????GPS/??????????????λ????????????????Helmert????????????????????GPS/????????????????????????????????????÷???????????????????????????  相似文献   

1961—2010年东北地区四季开始日及长短变化特征分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

王雷  吴正方  杜海波  宗盛伟 《气象科学》2014,34(5):499-507

用1961—2010年东北地区90个气象观测站的观测资料,采用钱诚等四季划分的方法,分析了东北地区四季开始日、长短变化特征及其对农业的影响。研究表明:东北地区近50 a来,四季(春、夏、秋、冬)平均开始日分别为4月10日、6月25日、8月11日和10月20日,平均长度分别为80 d、51 d、72 d和171 d,且区域差异比较明显。春季和夏季的开始日在明显提前,分别为-1.46 d/10a、-1.99 d/10a;秋季和冬季的开始日明显推迟,分别为2.05 d/10a、0.90 d/10a。平均春、秋和冬季的持续时间在缩短,分别为-0.54 d/10a、-1.15 d/10a、-2.50 d/10a,春、秋季的变化未通过显著性检验,冬季通过了0.05的显著性检验。夏季时间延长,为3.38 d/10a。春季的提前和秋季的推迟,使农作物适宜生育期延长;同时对作物品种熟性和种植格局也会产生一定的影响。  相似文献   

利用验潮站数据进行三种潮汐模型的精度分析          下载免费PDF全文

胡志博  郭金运  宗干  张凯华 《海洋测绘》2014,(3):13-16

采用全球分布的565个验潮站水位资料对NAO.99b,CSR4.0和TPXO7.2三种潮汐模型进行精度评估。结果表明:在全球海洋范围内,NAO.99b模型精度最高;在黄海海域,TPXO7.2模型的精度最高;在东海和南海海域,则是NAO.99b模型最优;在深海海域,三种模型精度差异不大;在浅海海域,采用同化方法的潮汐模型比采用经验方法的潮汐模型更有优势。  相似文献   

轨道高程控制网优化设计及应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李建平  吕豆豆  宗婷婷  张届 《测绘科学》2014,39(9)

文章分析了《高速铁路工程测量规范》(TB10601-2009)中推荐的轨道高程控制网矩形法的特点及其在实践中的应用方式,指出其优缺点,并以实践为基础提出Z型法测量方式.通过对Z型法的相邻点高差中误差、每千米高差全中误差的估算及工程实践检验,认为Z型法无论在工作效率还是观测成果的精度方面,都优于矩形法,认为其可以成为轨道高程控制网的建网方法.Z型法的提出,对施工单位轨道高程网测量的效率及精度提升具有重要参考价值.  相似文献   

Correlation analysis and partial least square modeling to quantify typical minerals with Chang＇E-3 visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer＇s ground validation data     

LIU Bin  LIU Jianzhong  ZHANG Guangliang  LING Zongcheng  ZHANG Jiang  HE Zhiping  YANG Benyong  ZOU Yongliao 《中国地球化学学报》2014,33(1):86-94

In 2013, Chang＇E-3 program will develop lunar mineral resources in-situ detection. A Visible and Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer （VNIS） has been selected as one payload of CE-3 lunar rover to achieve this goal. It is critical and urgent to evaluate VNIS＇ spectrum data quality and validate quantification methods for mineral composition before its launch. Ground validation experiment of VNIS was carried out to complete the two goals, by simulating CE-3 lunar rover＇s detection environment on lunar surface in the laboratory. Based on the hyperspectral reflectance data derived, Correlation Analysis and Partial Least Square （CA-PLS） algorithm is applied to predict abundance of four lunar typical minerals （pyroxene, plagioclase, ilmenite and olivine） in their mixture. We firstly selected a set of VNIS＇ spectral parameters which highly correlated with minerals＇ abundance by correlation analysis （CA）, and then stepwise regression method was used to find out spectral parameters which make the largest contri- butions to the mineral contents. At last, functions were derived to link minerals＇ abundance and spectral parameters by partial least square （PLS） algorithm. Not considering the effect of maturity, agglutinate and Fe~, we found that there are wonderful correlations between these four minerals and VNIS＇ spectral parameters, e.g. the abundance of pyroxene correlates positively with the mixture＇s absorption depth, the value of absorption depth added as the in- creasing of pyroxene＇s abundance. But the abundance of plagioclase correlates negatively with the spectral parame- ters of band ratio, the value of band ratio would decrease when the abundance of plagioclase increased. Similar to plagioclase, the abundance of ilmenite and olivine has a negative correlation with the mixture＇s reflectance data, if the abundance of ilmenite or olivine increase, the reflectance values of the mixture will decrease. Through model validation, better estimates of pyroxene, plagioclase and ilmenite＇s abundances are given. It is concluded that VNIS has the capability to be applied on lunar minerals＇ identification, and CA-PLS algorithm has the potential to be used on lunar surface＇s in-situ detection for minerals＇ abundance prediction.  相似文献   

Geological characteristics and tectonic signifcance of unconformities in Mesoproterozoic successions in the northern margin of the North China Block     

Yongqiang Qu  Jianguo Pan  Shouxian Ma  Zhiping Lei  Lin Li  Guoli Wu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2014,(1)

Several stratigraphic breaks and unconformities exist in the Mesoproterozoic successions in the northern margin of the North China Block.Geologic characters and spatial distributions of fve of these unconformities,which have resulted from different geological processes,have been studied.The unconformity beneath the Dahongyu Formation is interpreted as a breakup unconformity,representing the time of transition from continental rift to passive continental margin.The unconformities beneath the Gaoyuzhuang and the Yangzhuang formations are considered to be the consequence of regional eustatic fuctuations,leading to the exposure of highlands in passive margins during low sea-level stands and transgressive deposition on coastal regions during high sea-level stands.The unconformity atop the Tieling Formation might be caused by uplift due to contractional deformation in a back-arc setting,whereas the uplift after the deposition of the Xiamaling Formation might be attributed to a continental collision event.It is assumed that the occurrences of these unconformities in the Mesoproterozoic successions in the northern margin of the North China Block had a close bearing on the assemblage and breakup of the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents.  相似文献   

附加历元间约束的滑动窗单频实时精密单点定位算法     

杨凯淳  吕志平  李林阳  邝英才  许炜  郑茜 《测绘学报》2022,51(5):648-657

针对同时估计电离层延迟导致的单频精密单点定位解算秩亏问题,提出了一种附加历元间约束的多历元递推算法。该算法根据无周跳时前后历元模糊度不变的特性,在每一组多历元联合数据解算时,每颗卫星只设置一个模糊度参数,不需要外部先验信息约束即可解决秩亏问题。另外,本文算法同时考虑了参数及观测值之间的时间相关性,采用附加约束的平方根信息滤波对部分参数进行历元间约束,克服多历元算法的病态性,提高了算法的可靠性。试验采用全球分布的15个IGS跟踪站14 d的数据,静态定位精度优于3 cm,仿动态解约为1.5 dm。与同时估计电离层延迟的单频PPP方法相比,收敛速度提高了24%,与双频无电离层组合PPP的收敛速度基本一致,定位精度提高了30%,高程分量定位精度提高更为明显。  相似文献